Table A7.4: Time to TIP criminalization: US pressure (trade).
Time to TIP criminalization
Model 7.4.1Model 7.4.2Model 7.4.3Model 7.4.4Model 7.4.5
US pressure2.798***3.381***1.3894.212***3.996
(0.747)(0.861)(0.813)(1.318)(4.882)
Share of women in parliament1.028***1.026***1.025***1.027***1.026***
(0.009)(0.009)(0.008)(0.009)(0.008)
Worse civil liberties0.828***0.790***0.813***0.780***0.796***
(0.056)(0.053)(0.052)(0.053)(0.055)
Regional density of criminalization7.143***6.794***7.147***7.131***7.035***
(3.570)(3.337)(3.494)(3.615)(3.568)
2000 TIP protocol ratification1.781**1.825**1.922**1.852**1.869**
(0.456)(0.455)(0.511)(0.449)(0.464)
Missing information (t−2)1.0611.1061.0961.0681.111
(0.088)(0.085)(0.083)(0.084)(0.095)
US trade as share of GDP (logged)0.143
(0.247)
US trade as share of GDP (logged) × US pressure10.612
(22.155)
Has BIT with US1.039
(0.345)
Has BIT with US × US pressure1.132
(0.459)
US military aid (logged)0.972
(0.022)
US military aid (logged) × US pressure1.073*
(0.043)
FDI from US (logged)0.996
(0.014)
FDI from US (logged) × US pressure0.984
(0.020)
Imports to US (logged)1.014
(0.060)
Imports to US (logged) × US pressure0.993
(0.061)
Number of countries140152152152152
Number of criminalizations101107107107107
Observations1,2701,3921,3921,3921,392
Notes:*p<0.1; **p<0.05; ***p<0.01
Robust standard errors in parentheses. All explanatory variables are lagged one period unless otherwise noted.